Features and Applications of STM32-F2 Series Microcontrollers

Single chip microcomputer STM32L151CCU6

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The industrial environment is posing an increasingly serious challenge to embedded control system developers. The main reason is that the current system and communication protocol stacks are becoming more and more complex, and the system real-time and security requirements are becoming more and more strict. At the same time, this trend Directly affect the characteristics and technical specifications of semiconductor components.

To overcome these challenges, STMicroelectronics announced the STM32-F2 family of microcontrollers earlier this year to help developers achieve demanding industrial applications. The new family was born out of the popular STM32 family of products with higher performance, greater storage capacity and peripherals optimized for industrial applications. The F2 family integrates multiple functions on a single chip, such as control/tuning functions and complex communication protocol stacks. The advantage of high integration is that the printed circuit board space is reduced, and there is a connection circuit that is susceptible to electromagnetic compatibility between different controllers, and the application cost is optimized.

The industrial automation market is characterized by the coexistence of multiple communication protocols, and real-time applications require efficient operating systems. Therefore, the software stack and operating system become the primary parameters for selecting a microcontroller. The STM32 microcontroller is based on the Cortex M3 core, which is widely supported by the market. Therefore, there are more than 20 real-time operating system and communication protocol providers for users to choose. To complement the STM32 microcontroller, ST also adds a hardware abstraction layer and other firmware libraries that are compatible with CMSIS, such as Field Oriented Control (FOC), which supports Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). This article describes two third-party factory automation software developed specifically for STM32F-2: the IEEE1588 protocol package for PTP developed by IXXAT and the Profinet communication protocol stack developed by PORT.

STM32-F2's improved performance for factory automation

Compared with the previous generation STM32-F1, STM32-F2 has been improved in many aspects, especially the performance is better, and the peripheral interface is more abundant. The STM32-F2 uses 90nm lithography for processing speeds up to 120MHz and keeps operating power at a reasonable level (300uA/MHz). Another benefit of this lithography technology is the higher level of integration that helps reduce the system-level cost of the application.

To take full advantage of the excellent performance of the Cortex-M3 core, STMicroelectronics reevaluated its product architecture. The new product released 150DMIP's strong performance at 120MHz (Dhrystone 2.1), CoreMark? test score of 254 high score (2.120 CoreMark/MHz EEMBC certified), STM32F-2 thus entered the first camp of Cortex-M microcontroller, this The results are attributed to the Adaptive Real-Time Memory Accelerator (ARTTM), which is no longer affected by the inherent wait state of the flash memory. Although the flash is three times slower than the kernel itself, there is no wait state during code execution, even if the processing speed reaches 120MHz. As a result, the new family of products dramatically reduces design size, reduces power consumption and EMC impact of flash memory, ensuring maximum product performance.

The main features of the STM32-F2 are as follows: Up to 1MB of flash memory, 128kB RAM, 6 UARTs (7.5Mbps), 3 SPI interfaces (30Mbps), Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) supporting IEE1588 PTP V2, 4kB of spare RAM, 512-byte One Time Programmable Memory (OTP).

Bus matrix

In addition to pure core computing power, microcontroller designers must also consider bus design to achieve parallel memory access and data transfer between different microcontroller units. For example, the core and communication peripherals need to access different memories simultaneously. Therefore, the main bus is ultimately designed as a multi-layer AHB bus matrix that supports up to six simultaneous data streams.

The STM32-F2 series of microcontrollers has a total of five bus master controllers:

ARM Cortex-M3 core with 3 core buses

2 DMA controllers

High speed USB host controller

10/100 Ethernet MAC Controller

The black dots in the above figure represent all the interfaces of the bus master and slave controllers in this 7-layer bus structure. To improve the system's energy efficiency, the SRAM memory is divided into two memory areas, SRAM1 and SRAM2, SRAM1 is used to hold the basic protocol stack and variables, and SRAM2 is used as a frame buffer for communication peripherals. Both Ethernet and USB peripherals take up a few kilobytes of FIFO memory and each has its own dedicated DMA controller.

In addition to multiple SRAM partitions, the system has two AHB bus slave controllers. As such, such a configuration allows different bus masters to process and synchronize access to different high speed peripherals, such as cryptographic processors and general purpose input and output ports. Both the AHB slave controller and the DMA controller are dual-ported, allowing the DMA controller and high-speed peripherals to be directly connected to the AHB bus to avoid performance degradation due to latency on the bus matrix and the secondary high-speed to low-speed bridge.

The external memory interface, also known as the "static memory controller", can directly connect different asynchronous and synchronous memories, NOR/NAND flash, SRAM, pseudo SRAM, and even a liquid crystal display controller. The external memory interface bus frequency is up to 60MHz. CPU core instructions can also be obtained via the instruction bus (I-bus).

Memory accelerator

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