Basic image There are main file formats BMP, JPG (JPEG), JPEG2000, PNG, GIF, TIFF. These are the ones that I have known about and have a certain understanding. It focuses on the introduction. There are also many other image formats such as PSD. Although SWF, SVG, etc. are also used in many image formats, they are not discussed here or involved in my work. I will not discuss them here. One, BMP format BMP is an abbreviation of English Bitmap. It is a standard image file format in the Windows operating system and can be supported by various Windows applications. With the popularity of the Windows operating system and the development of rich Windows applications, the BMP bitmap format is naturally widely used. The characteristic of this format is that it contains rich image information and hardly compresses, but this leads to its inherent disadvantage - it takes up too much disk space. Second, JPEG format JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group, which originally intended to be a static image standard research organization) is also a common image format. JPEG files have a .jpg or .jpeg extension. The compression technique is very advanced and it uses lossy compression. Redundant images and color data are removed, and extremely high compression rates can be obtained while displaying rich and vivid images. In other words, it is possible to obtain better image quality with a minimum amount of disk space. Due to the excellent quality and outstanding performance of JPEG, its application is also very extensive. Currently, all types of browsers support the JPEG image format. Because the file size of the JPEG format is small and the downloading speed is fast, it is possible for the Web page to provide a large amount of beautiful images with a short download time, and JPEG becomes a logical choice at the same time. The most popular image format on the web. By the way, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) used by JPEG image compression can be learned by interested students. Third, JPEG2000 format The JPEG2000 format is an upgraded version of JPEG. JPEG 2000 was also developed by the JPEG organization. It has a formal name called "ISO 15444". Compared with JPEG, it has a new generation of still image compression technology with higher compression rate and more new features. Its compression rate is about 30% higher than JPEG. JPEG 2000 has obvious advantages compared to JPEG and is backward compatible, so replacing the traditional JPEG format is just around the corner. JPEG2000 can be applied to the traditional JPEG market, such as scanners, digital cameras, etc. It can also be applied in emerging fields such as network transmission, wireless communication and so on. Fourth, GIF format GIF is an acronym for Graphics Interchange Format. As the name implies, this format is used to exchange images. In the 1980s, CompuServe, a well-known online information service provider in the United States, developed the GIF image format in response to the limitations of network transmission bandwidth at that time. The GIF format is characterized by high compression ratio and less disk space usage, so this image format has rapidly been widely used. It is a simple animated picture. At present, most of the color animation files used on the Internet are mostly files of this format, also known as GIF89a format files. However, the GIF has a small drawback: it cannot store more than 256 colors. However, this format is still popular on the Internet, which is inseparable from the advantages of short GIF image files, fast download speeds, and the ability to compose animations with many image files of the same size. Fifth, PNG format PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is an emerging network image format. PNG started with the combination of GIF and JPG and plans to replace both formats in one fell swoop. In 1996, it was approved by the International Network Alliance. Most of the drawing software and browsers started to support PNG image browsing. From then on, the PNG image format was full of vitality. PNG is currently the most undistorted format. It captures the advantages of both GIF and JPG. It has a rich storage format and combines the color modes of GIF and JPG. Another feature of PNG is that it can compress image files to the limit to facilitate the network. Transmission, but can retain all the information related to image quality, because PNG is the use of lossless compression to reduce the size of the file, which is at the expense of image quality in exchange for a high compression rate of JPG is different; its third feature The display speed is very fast. You can display low-resolution preview images by downloading only 1/64 image information. Fourth, PNG also supports the production of transparent images. Transparent images are very useful when creating web page images. We can The background of the image is set to be transparent, and the color of the page itself is used instead of the color set to be transparent, so that the image and the background of the web page can be harmoniously blended together. The disadvantage of PNG is that it does not support animation application effects. If it can be strengthened in this respect, it can simply replace GIF and JPEG. The default format of Macromedia's Fireworks software is PNG. Now, more and more software has started to support this format, and it has become increasingly popular on the Internet. If everyone pays attention, then the default image format saved by QQ+SHIFT+A screenshots in the Tencent QQ instant chat tool is PNG. Why the PNG format is chosen? I believe that you have already learned about it (provide yourself some praise ^_^). Six, TIFF format Tag Image File Format (TIFF) is a widely used image format on Mac. It is characterized by a complex image format and a large amount of storage information. It is because it stores a lot of information on the subtle level of the image, and the quality of the image is also improved, so it is very favorable for copying the original. This format has two forms of compression and non-compression, in which the compression can be stored using the LZW lossless compression scheme. However, due to the complex structure and poor compatibility of the TIFF format, sometimes your software may not be able to correctly identify TIFF files (most of the software has now solved this problem). Transplanting TIFF files on Macs and PCs is also very convenient, and TIFF is now one of the most widely used image file formats on microcomputers. By the way, there is support for the TIFF format in both the Matlab software and opencv open source libraries.
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