"Made in China 2025" proposes to adhere to the basic policy of "innovation-driven, quality-first, green development, structural optimization, and talent-oriented", and adhere to "market-led, government-led, based on the current, long-term perspective, overall promotion, key breakthroughs, The basic principle of independent development and open cooperation, through the "three steps" to achieve the strategic goal of manufacturing a strong country: the first step, to enter the ranks of manufacturing powers by 2025; the second step, to 2035, China's manufacturing industry as a whole to achieve world manufacturing The middle class of the strong country camp; the third step, when the founding of New China is 100 years, the comprehensive strength has entered the forefront of the world's manufacturing power. Focusing on the strategic goal of manufacturing a strong country, "Made in China 2025" has defined nine strategic tasks and priorities, and proposed strategic support and guarantees in eight aspects. On April 6, 2016, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the State Council executive meeting. The meeting adopted the "equipment standardization and quality improvement plan for equipment manufacturing industry", requiring the docking of "Made in China 2025". On July 19, the State Council executive meeting deployed the creation of the “Made in China 2025†national-level demonstration zone. Experts pointed out that “Made in China 2025†was upgraded to the national level, which was upgraded compared with the previous city pilot. "The 'Made in China 2025' national-level demonstration zone deployed on July 19 is equivalent to the upgraded version of the previous 'China-made 2025' urban pilot demonstration," Zhang Hongguo, deputy director of the Planning Department of the CCID Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told the 21st Century Business Herald. It is said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has mainly approved the "Made in China 2025" pilot demonstration city and carried out relevant work under the guidance of the National Manufacturing Power Building Leading Group; in the future, the State Council will review and approve the national demonstration zone, and relevant documents will also be The State Council came to a unified formulation. Industry 4.0 is one of the ten future projects proposed by the German government's "Germany 2020 High Technology Strategy". The project is jointly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, with an estimated investment of 200 million euros. Designed to enhance the intelligence of manufacturing, build smart factories with adaptability, resource efficiency and genetic engineering, and integrate customers and business partners in business processes and value processes. Its technical basis is the network entity system and the Internet of Things. Germany's so-called industrial four generation (Industry4.0) refers to the use of the Internet-Physical System (CPS) to make the supply, manufacturing, sales information in production data, intelligent, and finally achieve fast, effective, personalized Product supply. Industry 4.0 has entered a new era of Sino-German cooperation. In the "Sino-German Cooperation Program Outline" signed by China and Germany, there are four contents related to Industry 4.0 cooperation. The first article clearly states that the digitization of industrial production is "Industry 4.0". The future economic development of China and Germany is of great significance. The two sides believe that the two governments should provide policy support for enterprises to participate in the process. Since Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited Germany in October 2014 and published the "Sino-German Cooperation Action Program", the concept of "Industry 4.0" has become popular in China. For a time, the strategic position of "Industry 4.0" and "Intelligent Manufacturing" has rapidly increased. It can be said that "Made in China 2025" is indeed affected by Germany's "Industry 4.0" to a certain extent. The core idea and "Industry 4.0" also have many similarities. For example, "China Manufacturing 2025" emphasizes a main direction of "intelligent manufacturing", which is also the core idea of ​​"Industry 4.0"; in addition, the information physics system (CPS) mentioned in "Made in China 2025" as the basis of intelligent manufacturing, It is also the core concept emphasized by German Industry 4.0. In line with "Industry 4.0", for the transformation and upgrading of domestic industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began preparations for the next ten years of manufacturing development planning three or four years ago: "Made in China 2025." Today, this plan will draw on Germany's “Industry 4.0†to learn German smart manufacturing and draw a clear road map for China's development into a modern industrial power. “Industry 4.0†is a concept of development. “Made in China 2025†also weakens the five-year time limit in previous planning. The planning period extends to 2025, paying more attention to medium and long-term planning, mainly focusing on the areas in which China’s industry needs to be strengthened. Strengthen and strive to transform China from an industrial power to an industrial power in 2025. In the past, China's manufacturing industry was not high in technology and has been at the low end of the international industrial value chain. Under the active promotion of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the deep integration of industrialization and informatization ("two-in-depth integration") has laid a solid foundation for the networked and intelligent development of the manufacturing industry. Undoubtedly, the new round of industrial revolution will bring about the deep integration of the two industries: the full embedding of information technology into the manufacturing industry will subvert the traditional production process, production mode and management mode; the depth of the manufacturing process and business management system Integration will enable highly flexible configuration of production factors and enable mass-customized production. All of this will effectively promote the pace of transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries. From the perspective of the target, Germany expects to continue to lead the global manufacturing industry with the help of "Industry 4.0", maintain the global competitiveness of German manufacturing, and counter the annexation of manufacturing by the US Internet giant. During the National "Two Sessions" in March 2015, the Minister of Industry and Information Technology, Miao Wei, publicly disclosed the development of "Made in China 2025" for the first time, saying that China needs about three decades to complete the manufacturing process. The transformation of large industrial countries into manufacturing powers and put forward a "three-step" strategy. "Made in China 2025" is also the first step in the "three-step" strategy: the first 10-year action plan, which is a road map with a specific timetable - through the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" plan, Ten years of efforts have allowed Chinese manufacturing to enter the second phalanx of global manufacturing. From the perspective of time, the German “Industry 4.0†Strategic Working Group also believes that it takes ten years for Germany to achieve “Industry 4.0â€, and it is roughly the same time period as “Made in China 2025â€. Made in China 2025≈Internet+Industrial For the future manufacturing industry, all developed industrial countries have put forward their own visions. The United States uses the advantages of the Internet to incite the Internet to annex the manufacturing industry; Germany is trying to make the manufacturing Internet based on the manufacturing base. In March 2015, during the National "Two Sessions", Premier Li Keqiang put forward the concept of "Internet +" in the government work report. And "Internet + Industry" will create a new thinking in manufacturing. From "physical" to "information." In the past, whenever it was mentioned in the manufacturing industry, it was generally believed that various components were the core of the hardware products. In the future, the industry will pay more attention to the added value with the “information†function than the “physical†parts. From "group" to "individual". The rise of the concept of "mass customization" and the technological and business model innovations brought about by the popularization of digital and information technology represented by 3D printing will minimize the entry barrier for manufacturing and have no factory and production equipment. Individuals can also easily participate in manufacturing. The lower threshold for manufacturing entry also means that some unexpected companies or individuals will participate in the manufacturing industry, thus bringing revolutionary changes to the business model. Interconnected manufacturing can quickly respond to market changes, quickly deploy manufacturing resources through rapid reorganization and dynamic collaboration of manufacturing companies, improve product quality, reduce the time required for products to be placed on the market, and increase market share. At the same time, it can also share the costs related to infrastructure construction and equipment investment and reduce operational risks. With the development of mass customization and network collaboration, manufacturing companies also need to receive personalized customization data from many consumers in real time, and coordinate the allocation of resources, organize production, and manage more types of data through the network. The great value that big data can bring is being recognized by traditional industries. Through the innovation and development of technology, as well as the comprehensive perception, collection, analysis and sharing of data, it presents a kind of treatment for business managers and business participants. A new thinking in the value chain. On March 25, 2015, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that during the State Council executive meeting, China is in the process of accelerating industrialization. Manufacturing is an important pillar and solid foundation of the national economy. "Made in China 2025" is to promote China's manufacturing industry from large to strong, so that "Made in China" contains more "China's creation" factors, rely more on Chinese equipment, rely on Chinese brands, and promote the economy to maintain medium and high-speed growth, to the high-end It is important to move horizontally. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to comply with the development trend of "Internet +", with the integration of informatization and industrialization as the main line, focusing on the development of next-generation information technology, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, offshore engineering equipment and high-tech ships, advanced orbits. Ten areas of transportation equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, power equipment, new materials, biomedicine and high-performance medical equipment, and agricultural machinery and equipment, strengthen industrial basic capabilities, improve process level and product quality, and promote intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing. "Internet + Industry" will promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry and realize the grand goal of "Made in China 2025". When it comes to manufacturing, you can't help but mention the smile curve. The smile curve is a famous business theory put forward by Shi Zhenrong, the founder of Hong Group in 1992. Because it is more appropriate to interpret the industrial division of labor in the industrial production mode, it has been recognized by the industry and has become the development philosophy of many enterprises. The smile curve divides an industrial chain into several sections, namely product development, parts production, module parts production, assembly, sales, after-sales service, etc., where assembly, that is, the manufacturing process is always low in the industrial chain. Profit link. As a result, manufacturers in the manufacturing process are constantly pursuing one day to move to R&D design and brand marketing. In the international industrial division system, enterprises in developed countries often occupy the high-end position of the industrial chain such as R&D and after-sales service, while manufacturers in developing countries are squeezed into the production and manufacturing of low-profit areas. In the international industrial division of labor system, moving to the high-end position of the industrial chain and extending to both ends of the smile curve has become the ultimate goal of manufacturing manufacturers in developing countries. In the industrial chain, the added value of production and manufacturing in the middle link is the lowest. As far as the global industrial chain is concerned, although “Made in China†is overwhelming, “Made in China†is mostly in the production and manufacturing sectors in the middle of the “smile curveâ€. Manufacturers invest a large amount of labor and get a small profit. In the past, enterprises have characterized large-scale production and mass sales. Through large-scale manufacturing, they provide standardized products and obtain the average profit of the industry. Each enterprise shares its position according to its industrial division of R&D and design, production and manufacturing, marketing and service. value. The R&D and design, marketing and service at the two ends of the “smile curve†are relatively profitable regions, and the profit model usually has good continuity; while the production and manufacturing companies in the middle of the “smile curve†can only helplessly maintain relative The lower profit, and due to the low technical content, the entry threshold is relatively low, resulting in more intense competition and strong substitution, which further squeezes the profit margin. The previous thinking is that in order to get rid of the low value-added dilemma of traditional manufacturing, it is necessary to extend to the R&D and service ends of the “smile curveâ€, and to achieve industrial upgrading and development of manufacturing services through high technology is the only way. From an industrial perspective, the “research and design†link means the development of high-tech industries, and the “marketing and services†link means increasing the proportion of manufacturing services. However, this process encounters many challenges and does not guarantee a bottom out of the smile curve in the short term. However, in the era of "Internet + industry", we don't have to worry about this problem anymore. Because the value creation and distribution model in the traditional sense of manufacturing is changing, with the Internet platform, enterprises, customers and stakeholders are participating in all aspects of manufacturing such as value creation, value transfer and value realization. Because "Internet + Industry" not only means "information sharing", but also "physical sharing" will be widely carried out, thus forming a new value creation and sharing model, creating a new sharing economy, driving public entrepreneurship and innovation. In order to guarantee the nine tasks of "Made in China 2025" and the smooth implementation of the five major projects, "Made in China 2025" proposed eight support policies and safeguard measures. The government creates an environment and the market determines innovation. To this end, "Made in China 2025" has defined the first support policy as "deepening institutional reform." For a long time, there have been problems of “offside†and “missing†in government functions. On the one hand, the government has over-submitted the investment behavior of market entities, limiting the vitality and space of private investment, and there are many restrictions on market access. There are dominant or hidden market barriers in the industry, and some innovative private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises are difficult to enter; on the other hand, in the manufacturing industry, energy conservation, water conservation, environmental protection, technology, security, etc., some areas where the government needs to play a regulatory role. The government cannot play an effective role. In response to these problems, the corresponding arrangement was made in "Made in China 2025": "To create a fair competitive market environment." The promulgation of "Made in China 2025" will undoubtedly have a major impact on the Chinese economy and will lead China's leap and transformation from an industrial power to an industrial power. On the occasion of the new round of industrial revolution, developing countries may not follow the evolutionary route of industrial transformation and upgrading in developed countries step by step, but will realize the leap-forward development with the historic opportunity of the new round of industrial revolution. Road overtaking. Some developing countries that have not yet consolidated their manufacturing base have the opportunity to leap into the protagonist of a new round of industrial revolution – as is China. 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