Cloud computing is an emerging technology, but Amazon ’s cloud computing service is now a multi-billion dollar business. According to Gartner, its cloud computing is more than five times the sum of its 14 largest competitors. Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3) stores more than one trillion files and processes 1.5 million requests per second. DynamoDB (AWS NoSQL database) launched less than a year ago, and already had more than 2 trillion input or output requests in October.

Providing all these services at this scale requires a lot of hardware, and cloud computing deployments are growing rapidly, which means Amazon needs to continue to add more hardware to its data centers.

So how does Amazon do this? James Hamilton, the vice president and distinguished engineer behind the command strategy, shared his ideas at the company's re: Invent user conference. His ideas can be simply summarized as "scale is the promoter of everything."

The scale promotes the company's development in many ways. First, when a company does something a number of times, it becomes very good at it. Therefore, the more servers Amazon configures, the better they can summarize best practices. The same is true for data centers. The company is rapidly adding large amounts of capacity, allowing AWS engineers to quickly test their ideas to find out what is feasible and what is not.

AWS has optimized its hardware for its specific use cases. AWS has built custom computing, storage, and web servers that allow the company to be accurate to the level of granularity. Its storage server is more dense than any server on the market, each server weighs more than one ton. Recently, AWS customized its network equipment to create routers and protocol stacks to configure high-performance workloads. Hamilton said these investments will drive new web-based products and services, which will be launched in the coming year. The idea of ​​creating custom hardware is not unique in the industry, Facebook has also created a complete open source project-open computing project.

AWS even customized its power consumption program. The company has signed a bulk power purchase agreement with its suppliers to obtain the required power for dozens of data centers in various regions across the world. In the eastern United States, the company has more than ten data centers, which is also the company's largest power consumption area. Not only does AWS buy power supplies in bulk for these regions, the company also has its own substations that store power supplies before they are sent to the data center. This allows the company to expand its products as much as possible without having to worry about the power supply becoming the limiting factor.

AWS said that a big goal is to respond to customers. The company recently established a new data center in Western Oregon, which is a 100% carbon-neutral data center and the company's fastest growing data center.

Even with all these customized devices, AWS cannot always accurately predict the amount of resources it will use. If AWS can increase its utilization rate, its cost will be lower, because they can save more costs from the hardware. AWS must deploy enough capacity to support its peak utilization, but if the server is not fully utilized, this is another waste of capacity. AWS solves this problem by pooling different customer peak workloads. For example, a retailer customer may usher in a peak shopping season on holidays, and a company that processes tax returns will use resources during another period. By combining the workload of these customers, the company can average the workload density.

Of course, there will still be cases where the utilization rate is not high, but AWS has been trying to turn this into its advantage. For example, the company allows customers to sell their redundant instances to increase utilization.

The size of the company is constantly expanding, it is the size of the company is driving these efficiency growth. With the development of Amazon, AWS will add more functions and attract more customers, thereby bringing more growth. Amazon executives said it was a virtuous circle.

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